Medial Meniscus & Lateral Meniscus

The medial meniscus and lateral meniscus are specialized structures within the knee. These crescent-shaped shock absorbers between the tibia and femur have an important role in the function and health of the knee. Once thought to be of little use, the menisci (plural) were routinely removed when torn. Now we know that the menisci contribute to a healthy knee because they play important roles in joint stability, force transmission, and lubrication. When possible, they are repaired if injured. There are even experimental attempts to replace a damaged meniscus, possibly an important advance in orthopaedic medicine.

There are two categories of meniscal injuries - acute tears and degenerative tears.

An acute tear usually occurs when the knee is bent and forcefully twisted, while the leg is in a weight bearing position. Statistics show that about 61 of 100,000 people experience an acute tear of the meniscus. Degenerative tears of the meniscus are more common in older people. Sixty percent of the population over the age of 65 probably has some sort of degenerative tear of the meniscus. As the meniscus ages, it weakens and becomes less elastic. Degenerative tears may result from minor events and there may or may not be any symptoms present. What are the menisci? The two menisci of the knee are crescent-shaped wedges that fill the gap between the tibia and femur. The menisci provide joint stability by creating a cup for the femur to sit in. The outer edges are fairly thick while the inner surfaces are thin. If the menisci were missing, the curved femur would move on the flat tibia. The medial meniscus, located on the inside of the knee, is more of an elongated "C"- shape, as the tibial surface is larger on that side. The medial meniscus is more commonly injured because it is firmly attached to the medial collateral ligament and joint capsule. The lateral meniscus, on the outside of the knee, is more circular in shape. The lateral meniscus is more mobile than the medial meniscus as there is no attachment to the lateral collateral ligament or joint capsule. The outer edges of each meniscus attach to the tibia by the short coronary ligaments. Other short ligaments attach the ends of the menisci to the tibial surface. The inner edges are free to move because they are not attached to the bone. This lets the menisci change shape as the joint moves. The front portion of the meniscus is referred to as the anterior horn, the back portion is the posterior horn, and the middle section is the body. Under the microscope, the meniscus is fibrocartilage that has strength and flexibility from collagen fiber. Its resilience is due to the high water content in the spaces between the cells. There is not much blood supply to the menisci. Blood flows only to the outer edges from small arteries around the joint. The poor blood supply to the inner portion of the meniscus makes it difficult for the meniscus to heal. What does the meniscus do? The meniscus acts as a shock absorber for the knee by spreading compression forces from the femur over a wider area on the tibia. The medial meniscus bears up to 50% of the load applied to the medial (inside) compartment of the knee. The lateral meniscus absorbs up to 80% of the load on the lateral (outside) compartment of the knee. During the various phases of the walking cycle, forces shift from one meniscus to the other, and forces on the knee can increase to 2 - 4 times body weight. While running, these forces on the knee increase up to to 6 - 8 times body weight. There are even higher forces when landing from a jump. The important role of the meniscus in force transmission can be seen when the menisci are removed. If the menisci are removed, the forces are no longer distributed over a wide area of the tibia. Without the medial meniscus, the tibial contact area is decreased 50 - 70%. This means the same forces from the femur are concentrated on a smaller area of the tibia. When the lateral meniscus is removed, there is a 45 - 50% decrease in contact area. This results in a 200 - 300% increase in contact pressure, which can eventually damage the cartilage on the ends of the bones. This can lead to degenerative arthritis. In the 1960s and 1970s, it was common to remove a damaged meniscus entirely. This frequently led to early degenerative arthritis in many patients. Removing the entire medial meniscus can lead to a bow-legged deformity and medial joint arthritis. Removing the entire lateral meniscus can cause a knock-kneed deformity and lateral joint arthritis. What is a meniscus injury? Patients describe meniscal tears in a variety of ways. Knowing where and how a meniscus was torn helps the doctor determine the best treatment. Location -A tear may be located in the anterior horn, body, or posterior horn. A posterior horn tear is the most common. The meniscus is broken down into the outer, middle, and inner thirds. The third in which the tear is located will determine the ability of the tear to heal, since blood supply in that area is critical to the healing process. Tears in the outer 1/3 have the best chance of healing. Pattern - Meniscal tears come in many shapes. The pattern of the tear influences the doctor's decision on treatment. Examples of the various patterns are: longitudinal bucket-handle displaced bucket handle parrot beak radial displaced flap horizontal degenerative A complex tear includes more than one pattern. Completeness - A tear is classified as being complete or incomplete. A tear is considered complete if it goes all the way through the meniscus and a piece of the tissue is separated from the rest of the meniscus. If the tear is still partly attached to the body of the meniscus, it is considered incomplete. Stability - A tear can be stable or unstable. A stable tear does not move and may heal on its own. An unstable tear allows the meniscus to move abnormally and is likely to be a problem if it is not surgically corrected. http://thesteadmanclinic.com/meniscus/overview.asp

Obey Allah and obey the Messenger

Aal Imran ch 3 v 32

قُلْ أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَالرَّسُولَ ۖ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْكَافِرِينَ [٣:٣٢

ކަލޭގެފާނު ވިދާޅުވާށެވެ! ތިޔަބައިމީހުން، اللَّهއަށާއި، رسولއާއަށް ކިޔަމަންވާށެވެ! ފަހެ، ތިޔަބައިމީހުން އެނބުރި ފުރަގަސްދީފިނަމަ (ދަންނާށެވެ!) ފަހެ، ހަމަކަށަވަރުން، كافرންދެކެ اللَّه ލޯބިވެވޮޑިގެނެއް ނުވެތެވެ.

[003:032] Say (O Muhammad [sal-Allâhu 'alayhi wa sallam]): "Obey Allâh and the Messenger (Muhammad [sal-Allâhu 'alayhi wa sallam])." But if they turn away, then Allâh does not like the disbelievers.

Aal Imran ch 3 v 132

وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَالرَّسُولَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ [٣:١٣٢

އަދި، اللَّهއަށާއި، رسولއާއަށް، ތިޔަބައިމީހުން ކިޔަމަންތެރިވާށެވެ! (އެއީ) ތިޔަބައިމީހުންނަށް رحمةލެއްވުމަށްޓަކައެވެ.

[003:132] And obey Allâh and the Messenger (Muhammad [sal-Allâhu 'alayhi wa sallam]) that you may obtain mercy.

An Nisa ch 4 v 59

أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُمْ آمَنُوا بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يَتَحَاكَمُوا إِلَى الطَّاغُوتِ وَقَدْ أُمِرُوا أَنْ يَكْفُرُوا بِهِ وَيُرِيدُ الشَّيْطَانُ أَنْ يُضِلَّهُمْ ضَلَالًا بَعِيدًا [٤:٦٠

އޭ إيمانވެއްޖެ މީސްތަކުންނޭވެ! ތިޔަބައިމީހުން، اللَّهއަށް ކިޔަމަންވާށެވެ! އަދި، رسولއާއަށާއި، ތިޔަބައިމީހުންގެ ތެރެއިން ވެރިންނަށްވެސް ކިޔަމަންވާށެވެ! ފަހެ، ކަމަކާމެދު ތިޔަބައިމީހުން ދެބަސްވެއްޖެނަމަ، اللَّهއަށާއި، رسولއާއަށް އެކަމެއް ރައްދުކުރާށެވެ! (އެބަހީ: އެކަމާމެދު اللَّهއާއި، އެކަލާނގެ رسولއާގެ حكم އޮތްގޮތެއް ބަލައި އެގޮތަށް عملކުރާށެވެ!) ތިޔަބައިމީހުން، اللَّهއަށާއި، آخرةދުވަހަށް إيمانވާ ކަމުގައި ވާނަމައެވެ. އެގޮތް ތިޔަބައިމީހުންނަށް ހެޔޮކަންބޮޑެވެ. އަދި، ނިމުމެއްގެގޮތުން ރީތިކަންވެސް ބޮޑުމެއެވެ.

[004:059] O you who believe! Obey Allâh and obey the Messenger (Muhammad [sal-Allâhu 'alayhi wa sallam]), and those of you (Muslims) who are in authority. (And) if you differ in anything amongst yourselves, refer it to Allâh and His Messenger [sal-Allâhu 'alayhi wa sallam], if you believe in Allâh and in the Last Day. That is better and more suitable for final determination.

Al Ma'idha ch 5 v 92

لَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا طَعِمُوا إِذَا مَا اتَّقَوْا وَآمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ ثُمَّ اتَّقَوْا وَآمَنُوا ثُمَّ اتَّقَوْا وَأَحْسَنُوا ۗ وَاللَّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ [٥:٩٣

އަދި ތިޔަބައިމީހުން اللَّهއަށް ކިޔަމަންވާށެވެ! އަދި ތިޔަބައިމީހުން رسولއާއަށް ކިޔަމަންވާށެވެ! އަދި ތިޔަބައިމީހުން ރައްކާތެރިވާށެވެ! ފަހެ، ތިޔަބައިމީހުން ފުރަގަސްދިން ނަމަވެސް، ހަމަކަށަވަރުން، ތިމަންރަސްކަލާނގެ رسولއާއަށް އޮތީ،بيانވެގެންވާ އިއްވެވުންކަން ތިޔަބައިމީހުން ދަންނާށެވެ!

[005:092] And obey Allâh and the Messenger (Muhammad [sal-Allâhu 'alayhi wa sallam]), and beware (of even coming near to drinking or gambling or Al-Ansâb, or Al-Azlâm) and fear Allâh. Then if you turn away, you should know that it is Our Messenger's duty to convey (the Message) in the clearest way.

Al Anfal ch 8 v 1

۞ يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ ۖ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ ۖ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ ۖ وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ [٨:١

غنيمةމުދަލާމެދު އެއުރެން ކަލޭގެފާނާ سؤالކުރެތެވެ. ކަލޭގެފާނު ވިދާޅުވާށެވެ! غنيمةމުދާ ވަނީ، اللَّهއަށާއި، رسولއާއަށެވެ. ފަހެ، اللَّهއަށް ތިޔަބައިމީހުން تقوىވެރިވާށެވެ! އަދި ތިޔަބައިމީހުންގެ ދެމެދުގެ ގުޅުންތައް إصلاحކުރާށެވެ! އަދި ތިޔަބައިމީހުން مؤمنން ކަމުގައިވާނަމަ، اللَّهއަށާއި، އެކަލާނގެ رسولއާއަށް ތިޔަބައިމީހުން ކިޔަމަންވާށެވެ!

[008:001] They ask you (O Muhammad [sal-Allâhu 'alayhi wa sallam]) about the spoils of war. Say: "The spoils are for Allâh and the Messenger [sal-Allâhu 'alayhi wa sallam]." So fear Allâh and adjust all matters of difference among you, and obey Allâh and His Messenger (Muhammad [sal-Allâhu 'alayhi wa sallam]), if you are believers.

Al Anfal ch 8 v 20

وَلَا تَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ قَالُوا سَمِعْنَا وَهُمْ لَا يَسْمَعُونَ [٨:٢١

އޭ إيمانވެއްޖެ މީސްތަކުންނޭވެ! اللَّهއަށާއި، އެކަލާނގެ رسولއާއަށް ތިޔަބައިމީހުން ކިޔަމަންވާށެވެ! އަދި ތިޔަބައިމީހުން (އެކަލޭގެފާނު ވިދާޅުވާ އެއްޗެއް) އަޑުއަހާންތިބެފައި، އެކަލޭގެފާނަށް ފުރަގަސްނުދޭށެވެ!

[008:020] O you who believe! Obey Allâh and His Messenger [sal-Allâhu 'alayhi wa sallam], and turn not away from him (i.e. Messenger Muhammad [sal-Allâhu 'alayhi wa sallam]) while you are hearing.

Al Anfal ch 8 v 46

وَلَا تَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ بَطَرًا وَرِئَاءَ النَّاسِ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ مُحِيطٌ [٨:٤٧

އަދި اللَّهއަށާއި، އެކަލާނގެ رسولއާއަށް ތިޔަބައިމީހުން ކިޔަމަންވާށެވެ! އަދި ތިޔަބައިމީހުން ދެބަސްވެ އަރާރުންނުވާށެވެ! (ދެބަސްވެ އަރާރުންވާނަމަ) ތިޔަބައިމީހުން ފިނޑިވެ، ތިޔަބައިމީހުންގެ ބާރުނެތި ހިނގައިދާނެއެވެ. އަދި ތިޔަބައިމީހުން ކެތްތެރިވާށެވެ! ހަމަކަށަވަރުން، اللَّه ވޮޑިގެންވަނީ، ކެތްތެރިންނާ އެކުގައެވެ.

[008:046] And obey Allâh and His Messenger [sal-Allâhu 'alayhi wa sallam], and do not dispute (with one another) lest you lose courage and your strength departs, and be patient. Surely, Allâh is with those who are As-Sâbirûn (the patient).

An Noor ch 24 v 54

قُلْ أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ ۖ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْهِ مَا حُمِّلَ وَعَلَيْكُمْ مَا حُمِّلْتُمْ ۖ وَإِنْ تُطِيعُوهُ تَهْتَدُوا ۚ وَمَا عَلَى الرَّسُولِ إِلَّا الْبَلَاغُ الْمُبِينُ [٢٤:٥٤

ކަލޭގެފާނު ވިދާޅުވާށެވެ! ތިޔަބައިމީހުން اللَّهއަށް ކިޔަމަންވާށެވެ! އަދި ތިޔަބައިމީހުން رسولއާއަށްވެސް ކިޔަމަންވާށެވެ! ފަހެ، އެއުރެން ފުރަގަސްދީ ހިނގައްޖެނަމަ، ފަހެ، އެކަލޭގެފާނުގެ މައްޗަށް އޮތްކަން ކަށަވަރީ އެކަލޭގެފާނާ މަތިކުރެއްވި ކަންތަކެވެ. (އެއީ رسولކަން އިއްވެވުމެވެ.) އަދި ތިޔަބައިމީހުންގެ މައްޗަށްއޮތީ ތިޔަބައިމީހުންނާ މަތިކުރެއްވި ކަންތަކެވެ. (އެއީ إيمانވެ ކިޔަމަންގަތުމެވެ.) އަދި ތިޔަބައިމީހުން އެކަލޭގެފާނަށް ކިޔަމަންވާނަމަ ތިޔަބައިމީހުންނަށް ތެދުމަގު ލިބޭނެތެވެ. بيانވެގެންވާ އިއްވެވުން މެނުވީ رسولއާގެ މައްޗަކަށް ނުވެއެވެ.

[024:054] Say: "Obey Allâh and obey the Messenger [sal-Allâhu 'alayhi wa sallam], but if you turn away, he (Messenger Muhammad [sal-Allâhu 'alayhi wa sallam]) is only responsible for the duty placed on him (i.e. to convey Allâh's Message) and you for that placed on you. If you obey him, you shall be on the right guidance. The Messenger's duty is only to convey (the message) in a clear way (i.e. to preach in a plain way)."

An Noor ch 24 v 56

وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ [٢٤:٥٦

ތިޔަބައިމީހުން ނަމާދު قائمކުރާށެވެ! އަދި زكاةދޭށެވެ! އަދި رسولއާއަށް ކިޔަަމަންވާށެވެ! (އެއީ) ތިޔަބައިމީހުންނަށް رحمةލެއްވުމަށްޓަކައެވެ.

[024:056] And perform As-Salât (the prayers), and give Zakât (obligatory charity) and obey the Messenger (Muhammad [sal-Allâhu 'alayhi wa sallam]) that you may receive mercy (from Allâh).

Muhammed ch 47 v 33

۞ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَلَا تُبْطِلُوا أَعْمَالَكُمْ [٤٧:٣٣

އޭ إيمانވެއްޖެ މީސްތަކުންނޭވެ! ތިޔަބައިމީހުން اللَّهއަށް ކިޔަމަންވާށެވެ! އަދި رسولއާއަށް ކިޔަމަންވާށެވެ! އަދި ތިޔަބައިމީހުންގެ عملތައް ތިޔަބައިމީހުން باطل ނުކުރާހުށިކަމެވެ!

[047:033] O you who believe! Obey Allâh, and obey the Messenger (Muhammad [sal-Allâhu 'alayhi wa sallam]) and render not vain your deeds.

Al Mujadilah ch 58 v 13

أَأَشْفَقْتُمْ أَنْ تُقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ نَجْوَاكُمْ صَدَقَاتٍ ۚ فَإِذْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا وَتَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ [٥٨:١٣

ތިޔަބައިމީހުން رسولއާއަށް مناجاةއެއް ދެންނެވުމުގެކުރިން صدقاتއެއް ކުރިމަތިކުރުމަށް ތިޔަބައިމީހުން ބިރުގަތީހެއްޔެވެ؟ ފަހެ، ތިޔަބައިމީހުންނަށް އެކަންތައް ނުކުރެވުނުހިނދު، އަދި اللَّه ތިޔަބައިމީހުންގެ މައްޗަށް توبة ލައްވައިފިހިނދު، ފަހެ، ތިޔަބައިމީހުން ނަމާދު قائمކުރާށެވެ! އަދި زكاةދޭށެވެ! އަދި اللَّهއާއި، އެކަލާނގެ رسولއާއަށް ތިޔަބައިމީހުން ކިޔަމަންވާށެވެ! اللَّهއީ، ތިޔަބައިމީހުން ކުރާކަންތައް މޮޅަށް ދެނެވޮޑިގެންވާ ރަސްކަލާނގެއެވެ.

[058:013] Are you afraid of spending in charity before your private consultation (with him)? If then you do it not, and Allâh has forgiven you, then (at least) perform As-Salât (the prayers) and give Zakât (obligatory charity) and obey Allâh (i.e. do all that Allâh and His Messenger order you to do). And Allâh is Well-Acquainted with what you do.

At Taqahabun ch 64 v 12

وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ ۚ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَىٰ رَسُولِنَا الْبَلَاغُ الْمُبِينُ [٦٤:١٢]

ތިޔަބައިމީހުން اللَّهއަށް ކިޔަމަންވާށެވެ! އަދި ތިޔަބައިމީހުން رسولއާއަށް ކިޔަމަންވާށެވެ! ފަހެ، ތިޔަބައިމީހުން (އެކަމަށް) ފުރަގަސްދީފިނަމަ، ފަހެ، ތިމަންރަސްކަލާނގެ رسولއާގެ މައްޗަށް އޮތްކަން ކަށަވަރީ، بيانވެގެންވާ އިއްވެވުމެވެ.

[064:012] Obey Allâh, and obey the Messenger (Muhammad [sal-Allâhu 'alayhi wa sallam]); but if you turn away, then the duty of Our Messenger is only to convey (the Message) clearly.

http://www.scribd.com/doc/47763320/Obey-Prophet-SAW