ވޮލެންޓިއަރުންނާމެދު ސަމާލުވެލައްވާ

ހިލޭސާބަހަށް މަސައްކަތް ކުރުން ނުވަތަ ވޮލެންޓިއަރ ކުރުމަކީ ވަކި ފަރުދުން ނުވަތަ ޖަމާއަތަކުން މުޖުތަމަޢުގެ ހައްގުގައި އެއްވެސް އަގަކާއި ނުލައި ޚިދުމަތް ކޮށްދިނުމެވެ. ދީލަތި ކަމާއި އެކު މުޖުތަމަޢުގެ ހާލަތު ރަނގަޅު ކުރުމަށެވެ. އަމިއްލަ އެދުމަކާއި ނުލައެވެ. ނަމަވެސް ބައެއްފަހަރު އެމީހުންގެ އަމިއްލަ ހުނަރުތައް އިތުރުކޮށް، އެހުނަރުތަށް ތަރައްޤީކުރުމާއި، ތަފާތު މުޖުތަމަޢު ތަކުގައި މަސަޢްކަތްކުރުމުން ލިބޭ ހިތަހަމަޖެހުމާއި އުފާ ލިބިގަތުން އަދި މިނޫންވެސް އެތަށް މަޤުޞަދެއްގައި ހިލޭސާބަހަށް މަސްއްކަތްކުރާމީހުން ހަރަކާތްތެރި ވެއެވެ. ޞިއްޙީ ދާއިރާ، ތަޢުލީމީ ދާއިރާ، ކުއްލިހާލަތް ތަކުގައި އެހީވެދިނުން އަދި މިނޫންވެސް އެތަށް ދާއިރާއިކުން މިބައިމީހުން އާއްމު ގޮތެއްގައި އެހީތެރިކަން ފޯރުވައިދެއެވެ.
އާއެކެވެ. މިހާރު އަޅުގަނޑުމެންގެ މި ކުޑަކުޑަ މުޖުތަމަޢަށްވެސް މިވަނީ ހިލޭސާބަހަށް މަސައްކަތްކުރާ މީހުންގެ” ދީލަތި” އެހީތެރިކަން ފޯރުކޮށްދޭން ފަށާފައެވެ. އާއްމުކޮށް ހުރިހާ ދާއިރާއަކުންނެވެ. ހާއްސަކޮށް ތަޢުލީމީ ނިޒާމުގެ ތެރެއިންނެވެ. މުޖުތަމައެއް ބައްޓަންކުރުމަށާއި ހެޔޮ ޖީލެއް ބިނާކުރުމުގައި އެންމެ އިސް ދައުރެއް އަދާކުރާނީ އެތަނެއްގެ ތަޢުލީމީ ނިޒާމުކަމީ އެވެސް ޝައްކެއް އޮތްކަމެއް ނޫނެވެ. އެހެންކަމުން މުޖުތަމަޢުގެ ހާލަތު ރަނގަޅު ކުރުމަށް ބަޔަކު އެހީތެރިކަމެއް ވަނީކަމުގައި ވާނަމަ އެންމެ އިސްކަމެއް ދޭން ޖެހޭނީ އެތަނެއްގެ ތަޢުލީމީ ނިޒާމް އިސްލާހުކުރުމަށެވެ. ވީމާ އަޅުގަނޑުމެންގެ ތަޢުލީމީ ދާއިރާއަށް ބޭރުގެ ހިލޭސާބަހަށް މަސައްކަތްކުރާ މީހުން ވައްދާއިރު ލިބޭނެ ފައިދާއެއްގެ އިތުރުން ކޮށްފާނެ ނޭދެވޭ އަސަރުތަކަށްވެސް ވިސްނަން ވާނެއެވެ.
ވޮލެންޓިއަރުންގެ ގޮތުގައި ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގައި މަސައްކަތްކުރާ ގިނަ މީހުންނަކީ ކްރިސްޓިއަނުންނެވެ. ތިހީވަނީ މުޅިން ރަނގަޅަށެވެ. އަޅުގަނޑު މިހާރު ދައްކަން މި އުޅެނީ ކްރިސްޓިއަން މިޝަނަރީގެ ވާހަކައެވެ. ކްރިސްޓިއަން މިޝަނަރީއަކީ އިއްޔެއްކު މިއަދަކު ފެށުނު ކަމެއް ނޫނެވެ. އެމީހުން ގަބޫލުކުރާގޮތުގައި އީސާ އަލައިހިއް ސަލާމް އެބައިމީހުންނަށް ވަނީ މުޅިދުނިޔޭގައި ކްރިސްޓިއަން ދީން ފެތުރުމަށް އަމުރުކުރެއްވިފައެވެ. އަޅަގަނޑަށް ހީވާގޮތުން ތީގެތެރެއިން ގިނަބޭކަލުންނަކީ އިނގިރޭސި ލިޔަން ކިޔަން ދަންނަ ބޭކަލުންނެވެ. އެހެންކަމުން ބައިބަލްގައި ވާގޮތަށް ނަކަލުކޮށްލާނަމެވެ.
“Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the age" (Matthew 28:19-20).
ކްރިސްޓިއަން މިޝަނަރީތައް ހިންގަނީ ދުނިޔޭގެ އެކި ކަންކޮޅުތަކަށް އެމީހުންގެ މަންދޫބުން ފޮނުވައިގެންނެވެ. ވަކި ވަކި ފަރުދުންގެ ގޮތުގަޔާއި ޖަމާއްތަތަކުގެ ގޮތުގައެވެ. މިބައިމީހުންނަށް ކިޔާ އުޅެނީ “މިޝަނަރީސް” އެވެ. އާއްމު ގޮތެއްގައި އެމީހުން ދީން ފަތުރަނީ ފުރަތަމަ ގޮސް ދީނީ ދަރުސްތަކެއް ދީގެނެއް ނޫނެވެ. ނަމަވެސް އިންސާނީ ޚިދުމަތްތަކުގެ ތެރެއިނަނެވެ. ހާއްސަކޮށް ފަޤީރުންނަށް އެހީވެދިނުމުގެ ތެރެއިންނެވެ. މިބައިމީހުން އިޤްތިޞާދީ ހަލަބޮލިކަމުން އެގައުމެއް ސަލާމަތްވުމަށް އެހީތެރިވެދެއެވެ. ލިޔަންކިޔަން ނޭނގުން ނައްތާލާ، ތަޢުލީމީ ހާލަތު ރަނގަޅުކުރުމަށް އެހީތެރިވެދީ، ޞިއްޙީ ހިދުމަތްތަށް ފޯރުކޮށްދިނުމަށް އެހީތެރިވެދީ، ޔަތީމުހާނާތަށް ބަލަހައްޓާ އަދި މިނޫންވެސް އެތަށް ކަމަކުން އެޤައުމެއްގެ ރައްޔިތުންގެ ހިތްތަށް މަޑުމަޑުން ދަމައިގަނެއެވެ. އަދި އެއަށްފަހު އެމީހުންގެ އަސްލު މަގުސަދު ހާސިލް ކުރެއެވެ.
ދެން އަޅުގަނޑުމެންގެ މި ކުޑަ ދިވެހިރާއްޖެއަށް ބަލާލަމާތޯއެވެ. 1998ވަނަ އަހަރު އޭރުގެ ސަރުކާރުން ވަނީ ކްރިސްޓިއަން މިޝަނަރީސް ކަމަށް ޝައްކުކުރެވޭ އެތަށް ބޭރުމީހުންތަކެއް ދިވެހިރާއްޖެއިން ބޭރުކޮށްލާފައެވެ. އަދި އެކަމާ ގުޅުންހުރިކަމަށް ބެލެވޭ ދިވެހިންތަކެއްވެސް ވަނީ ހައްޔަރުކޮށްފައެވެ. 29 ނޮވެމްބަރ 2008 ގައި އިސްލާމިކް އެފެއާޒް މިނިސްޓަރީއިން ވަނީ ދިވެހިރާއްގޭގައި ކްރިސްޓިއަން ދީން ފެތުރުމަށް ހަދައިފައިވާ އިނގިރޭސި އަދި ދިވެހި ވެބްސައިޓްތަށް ބްލޮކް ކުރާނެކަމަށް އިޢުލާންކޮށް އެކަންތަށް ޢަމަލީގޮތުން ފަށާފައެވެ. ނަމަވެސް މިޝަނަރީސްގެ މަސައްކަތް ދިޔައީ ކުރިއަށެވެ. 27 އޮކްޓޯބަރ 2009 ވީ އަންގާރަ ދުވަހު ކަމާބެހޭ ފަރާތްތަކުން ވަނީ ދިވެހިބަހުންވާ ކްރިސްޓިއަން ދީނުގެ 6ވީޑިއޯ ސީޑީ އާއި 17ލީފްލެޓާއި، 6ފޮތް އަދި 1 ބައިބަލް އާއި އެކު އަތުލައިގަތް ދެކުނުއެފްރިކާގެ ރައްޔިތެއް ކިމުގައިވާ ރޮބަރޓް ވިލިއަމް ޑީޕޯރޓް ކޮށްލާފައެވެ. ސުނާމީގައި ހާލުގައި ޖެހުނު ބައެއް ދިވެހީންނަށް އެހީތެރިވެދޭން އައި ވޮލެންޓިއަރުން ބައިބަލްގެ ދިވެހި ތަރުޖަމާ ބެހިކަމީ އަދި އަޅުގަނޑުމެން ހަނދާން ނެތޭނެހައި ދުރު ހަނދާނެއް ނޫނެވެ. 15 އޭޕްރީލް 2010 ވީ ބުރާސްފަތިދުވަހު ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގައި ކްރިސްޓިއަން މިޝަނަރީސްގެ ފޮތްތަކެއް ބަހަން އުޅުނު ދެކުނުކޮރެޔާގެ 4 ރައްޔިތަކުވެސް ވަނީ ހައްޔަރު ކޮށްފައެވެ. މިހެންގޮސް ކިތަންމެ ކަންތައް ތަކެކެވެ.
ޔަހޫދީންނާއި ނަޞާރާއިންނަކީ އަހަރުމެންނަށް ހެވެއް ލާބައެއް އެދިގެން އުޅޭބައެއް ނޫންކަން ޤުރުއާނާއި ސުންނަތުންވެސް ސާބިތުވެއެވެ. الله سبحانه وتعالى ކީރިތި ޤުރުއާނުގައި ވަޙީީ ކުރައްވައި އަންގަވާފައި ވެއެވެ:

"وَلَنْ تَرْضَى عَنْكَ الْيَهُودُ وَلا النَّصَارَى حَتَّى تَتَّبِعَ مِلَّتَهُمْ قُلْ إِنَّ هُدَى اللَّهِ هُوَ الْهُدَى وَلَئِنِ اتَّبَعْتَ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ بَعْدَ الَّذِي جَاءَكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ مَا لَكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلا نَصِيرٍ" (البقرة:120)

މިއާޔަތުގެ މާނައަކީ: "އަދި ހަމަކަށަވަރުން ޔަހޫދީންނާއި ނަޞާރާއިންވެސް، އެއުރެންގެ މިއްލަތަށް (އެބަހީ އެއުރެންގެ ދީނަށް) ކަލޭގެފާނު ތަބާވެއްޖައުމަށް ދާންދެން ދުވަހަކުވެސް ކަލޭގެފާނަކަށް ނުރުހޭނެތެވެ. ކަލޭގެފާނު ވިދާޅުވާށެވެ. ހަމަކަށަވަރުން ތެދުމަގަކީ ހަމައެކަނި الله سبحانه وتعالىގެ މަގެވެ. އަދި ކަލޭގެފާނަށް الله تعالىގެ ކިބައިން ޢިލްމު އައުމަށްފަހު އެއުރެންގެ ހަވާ ނަފްސުގެ ހެއްލުންތަކަށް ތަބާވެއްޖެނަމަ، الله تعالىގެ ޙަޟްރަތުން ކަލޭގެފާނަށް އެއްވެސް އެހީތެރިއަކު އަދި ނަޞްރުދޭނޭ މީހަކުވެސް ނުވެއެވެ." (ސޫރަތުލް ބަޤަރާ:120).

أبو سعيد الخدري رضي الله عنه ރަސޫލު الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ކިބައިން ޙަދީޘްފުޅު ކުރައްވާފައިވެެއެވެ. "قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ لَتَتَّبِعُنَّ سَنَنَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ شِبْرًا بِشِبْرٍ وَذِرَاعًا بِذِرَاعٍ حَتَّى لَوْ دَخَلُوا فِي جُحْرِ ضَبٍّ لاَتَّبَعْتُمُوهُمْ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قُلْنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ آلْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى قَالَ ‏"‏ فَمَنْ ؟!" (رواه البخاري 8/151 . ومسلم 4/2054)

މާނަ: "ހަމަކަށަވަރުން ތިޔަބައިމީހުން، ތިޔަބައިމީހުންގެ ކުރިން އައިމީހުންގެ ގޮތްތަކަށް ތަބާވާނެއެވެ. މުށަކަށްފަހު މުށެކެވެ. ކައިވަތަކަށްފަހު ކައިވަތެކެވެ. އެބައިމީހުން ضبّއެއްގެ (ސަހަރާތެރޭ އުޅޭ ބޮނޑެއްގެ) ހޮރަށް ވަންކަމުގައި ވިޔަސް ތިޔަބައިމީހުން އެމީހުންގެ ފަހަތުން ގޮސް އެހޮރަށް ވަންނާނެއެވެ. އެހިނދު ތިމަންބޭކަލުން ދެންނެވީމެއެވެ. އޭ اللهގެ ރަސޫލާއެވެ. އެއީ ޔަހޫދީންނާއި ނަޞާރާއިން ހެއްޔެވެ؟ އެކަލޭގެފާނު ޙަދީޘްފުޅު ކުރެއްވެވިއެވެ. "ފަހެ އެނޫން ދެން ކޮންބައެއް ހެއްޔެވެ؟". (ބުޚާރީީ: 8/151، މުސްލިމް 4/2054)
އެހެންކަމުން ނިންމާލުމުގެ ކުރިންވެސް ބުނެލަން އޮތީ ވޮލެންޓިއަރުންނާއިމެދު ސަމާލުވެލައްވާށެވެ. އެމީހުންގެ ތެރެއިން ބަޔަކު ހެޔޮނިޔަތުގައި މަސައްކަތް ކުރިކަމުގައި ވިޔަސް ގިނަބައެއްގެ ފަހަތުގައި ފޮރުވިފައިވާ މިޝަންއެއް ވާނެއެވެ. އެމީހުން އަޅުގަނޑުމެންގެ ޅަދަރީންގެ ސިކުނޑިތަކާއި އަދި ހިތްތަކާ ކުޅެމުން ދާއިރު ވަގުތު ފާއިތުވުމުގެކުރިން މިކަމާ ވިސްނާށެވެ.

= ނިމުނީ =

Trials of Cell Phone Microscope to Begin in Africa

A functioning prototype of a cell phone microscope has been developed.

The telemedicine microscope captures an image with a lensless system. This means that the microscope can be miniaturized (it weighs approximately 43 g) to the point where it fits on most cell phones, while remaining inexpensive enough for widespread use in developing countries, costing only about US$10 each.

Images are captured through a process called diffraction, or shadow-based, imaging. An ordinary light-emitting diode (LED) from the top illuminates the sample, and the detector array already installed in cell phone cameras captures the image, recording the patterns created by the shadows resulting from the LED light scattering off the cells in the sample. Because cells are semi-transparent, enough information is obtained from this type of imaging to detect subcellular elements, and to produce holographic images. By using an inexpensive LED light instead of the laser as typically required for holographic imaging, the size and cost are further reduced.

The cell phone microscope is easy to use and versatile. Samples (blood smears or saliva) are loaded into single-use chips that easily slide into the side of the microscope. Because the microscope uses the entire detector array to capture an image and has a relatively large aperture, it has a wide imaging field-of-view. Samples do not need to be precisely aligned for images to be captured, and the chance of debris clogging the light source is lessened.

"Cell phones present a tremendous opportunity in Global healthcare," remarked Aydogan Ozcan, assistant professor of electrical engineering at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science (Los Angeles, CA, USA) and investigator at UCLA's California NanoSystems Institute, "We can leverage the fact that 80 % of the world's population lives in areas covered by cell phone networks to bridge the gaps left by a lack of health care infrastructure in developing countries."

The lensless imaging platform behind the cell phone microscope will be tested in real world trials. It received awards from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, National Geographic, and the [U.S.] National Science Foundation (NSF).

The cover article of the July 2010 edition of the journal Lab on a Chip features the latest creation by the Prof. Ozcan's group.

Is it permissible to put the sperm of the husband and the egg from the wife in the womb of the second wife?

“Ahmad” has two wives, the first one cannot have children and the second one can have children, praise be to Allaah. In the modern scientific age doctors can, by the grace of Allaah, put an egg from the second wife with the husband’s sperm (test-tube baby) and mix them and let them start to grow, then place (the fertilized egg) in the womb of the wife who cannot have children, so that the child can grow until he is born. Is this permissible in the light of the Qur’aan and Sunnah? Some people say that it permissible by analogy with breastfeeding, i.e., just as it is permissible to nourish a child with her milk in her lap, it should also be permissible for her to nourish him with her blood in her womb.

Praise be to Allaah.

This method of fertilization, which involves placing the egg with the husband’s sperm in the womb of the other wife, is a method that is not acceptable according to sharee’ah, and a large number of scholars are of the view that it is haraam. Statements were issued concerning it by the Islamic Fiqh Council of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) and by the Islamic Fiqh Council of the Muslim World League. Those who initially said that this method was permissible later retracted their view. There follows some of what was said in those statements.

1 – Statement of the Islamic Fiqh Council of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC).

The meeting of the Islamic Fiqh Council held on 8 – 13 Safar 1407 AH (11–16 October 1986).

After examining the subject of artificial fertilization –“test-tube babies” – by studying the research presented and listening to comments of experts and doctors, and after discussion, the Council reached the following conclusions:

The methods of artificial fertilization that are known nowadays are seven:

i. Where fertilization occurs between the sperm taken from the husband and an egg taken from a woman who is not his wife, then the embryo is implanted in his wife’s uterus.

ii. Where fertilization occurs between the sperm of a man other than the husband and the wife’s egg, then the embryo is implanted in the wife’s uterus.

iii. Where fertilization occurs between the sperm and egg of the couple, and the embryo is implanted in the uterus of a woman who volunteers to carry it (surrogate motherhood).

iv. Where fertilization occurs outside the womb between the sperm and egg of strangers, then the embryo is implanted in the wife’s uterus.

v. Where fertilization occurs outside the womb between the sperm and egg of the couple, then the embryo is implanted in the uterus of the other wife.

vi. Where sperm is taken from the husband and an egg is taken from the wife, and fertilization occurs outside the womb, then the embryo is implanted in the wife’s uterus.

vii. Where sperm is taken from the husband and placed in the wife’s vagina or uterus so that fertilization may take place inside her body.

It was determined that the first five methods are all haraam according to sharee’ah and are forbidden completely in and of themselves, or because of the results to which they will lead, such as mixing of lineages, loss of motherhood and other things that are forbidden according to sharee’ah.

With regard to the sixth and seventh methods, the committee thinks that there is nothing wrong with resorting to them in cases of need, after emphasizing that it is essential to take all necessary precautions. End quote.

Majallat al-Majma’ (3/1/423).

2 –Statement issued by the Islamic Fiqh Council of the Muslim World League:

Praise be to Allaah and blessings and peace be upon our Master and Prophet Muhammad and his family and companions.

The Islamic Fiqh Council, in its eighth session held at the headquarters of the Muslim World League in Makkah al-Mukarramah, from Saturday 18 Rabee’ al-Aakhir until Monday 7 Jumaada al-Oola 1405 AH (19-28 January 1985), examined the remarks submitted by some of its members concerning what the Council had declared permissible … with regard to artificial fertilization and test-tube babies, which was issued in its seventh session, held between 11-16 Rabee’ al-Aakhir 1404 AH, where it says:

“The seventh method, in which the sperm and egg are taken from the couple and, after fertilization in a laboratory vessel, the embryo is implanted in the womb of another wife of the same man, as she volunteers to carry this pregnancy of behalf of her co-wife whose womb has been removed – it seems to the committee that this is permissible in cases of need and subject to the general conditions mentioned previously.”

The remarks may be summed up as follows:

The other wife in whose womb the embryo from the egg of the first wife is implanted may become pregnant with a second child before the embryo becomes established in her womb, as the result of relations with her husband around the time of the implanting of the embryo, then she may give birth to twins and it may not be known which child resulted from the (implanted) embryo and which resulted from relations with the husband, and it may not be known which wife is the mother of the child who resulted from the (implanted) embryo and which is the mother of the child who resulted from relations with the husband. Similarly, one of the two embryos may die at the ‘alaqah or mudghah stage but not be expelled from the uterus until the other child is born, and it may also not be known whether he is the child that resulted from the (implanted) embryo or from relations with the husband. This means that there is confusion as to who the real mother is and there is mixing of lineages which affects a number of rulings. All of this means that the Council must retract their rulings in the case mentioned.

The Council has also listened to the opinions presented by doctors and obstetricians who attended the meeting and who pointed to the possibility of the other pregnancy being miscarried as the result of marital relations with the woman who is carrying the embryo, and confusion of lineages as mentioned above.

After a discussion of the matter and an exchange of opinions, the Council decided to retract the view that the third type mentioned is permissible, and in the seventh session, 1404 AH.

Qaraaraat al-Majma’ al-Fiqhi (pp. 159-161).

Based on that:

It is not permissible to take the husband’s sperm and the wife’s egg and put the mixture in the womb of another wife of the husband.

And Allaah knows best.

source: Islam Question and Answer

Molecular Biology Technique Detects the 2009 H1N1 Virus

A new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic test can detect human infections with 2009 H1N1 virus with sensitivity and specificity greater than 96% for upper respiratory specimens.

The test is used to isolate and amplify viral genetic material present in secretions taken from a patient's upper or lower respiratory tract. Upper respiratory specimens are easily obtainable in a doctor's office, and lower respiratory specimens are typically obtained from severely ill patients in a hospital setting.

Amplified viral genetic material generates a fluorescent signal, which is then detected and analyzed by a diagnostic instrument called the Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast DX Realtime PCR Instrument. The test panel and diagnostic system can provide results within four hours, and multiple samples can be tested at the same time.

The new test was developed by the [U.S.] Centers for Control and Prevention of Disease (CDC; Atlanta, GA, USA). It is called the "CDC Influenza 2009 A (H1N1) pdm Real-Time RT-PCR Panel (IVD)," and it will help ensure the accuracy of influenza testing results among the different qualified laboratories that conduct influenza subtype testing in the United States and abroad. The test was authorized for use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

The test will replace the previous real-time RT-PCR diagnostic test used during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, called the "Swine Influenza Virus Real-time RT-PCR Detection Panel (rRT-PCR Swine Flu Panel)," which received an emergency use authorization by the U.S. Food and Health Administration (FDA; Silver Spring, MD, USA) in April 2009.

The earlier test was developed based on the limited number of 2009 H1N1 specimens available at the start of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in April 2009. The new test has been optimized using the vast amount of 2009 H1N1 genetic information CDC received throughout the pandemic.