5.3
Global warming
Role
of (herbivorous/omnivores) animal in recyling carbon
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reference to {carbon / organic / eq} compounds in plant material ;
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idea that digestion provides respiratory substrates ;
-
carbon dioxide released (from respiration) ;
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(this carbon dioxide is) available for photosynthesis ;
-
reference to woodlice {eaten / decompose} ;
Role
of microorganisms in recycling carbon
-
reference to {decomposition / decay / putrefaction } (by microorganisms) ;
-
reference to respiration ;
-
releases carbon dioxide for photosynthesis / eq ;
-
methane released in anaerobic (conditions);
-
(methane) available as fuel / eq ;
Biofuels
may help to reduce
global warming
-
reference to biofuels being (possibly)carbon neutral ;
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idea that {plants / crops} are used for biofuels;
-
idea that carbon dioxide used for photosynthesis (by plants / in production of biofuels) ;
-
idea of using biofuels to replace fossil fuels ;
Disadvantage
of using biofuels to reduce global warming
-
land has to be cleared to grow plants for biofuels / eq ;
-
burning produces carbon dioxide / the plants growing there would have been {photosynthesising / using carbon dioxide} / machinery uses fossil fuels / loss of habitat ;
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decomposition of dead plant material (after clearing) / eq ;
-
produces carbon dioxide / eq ;
-
idea that the land could have been used for food production ;
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less food produced / eq ;
-
ref to use of fertilisers ;
-
idea of eutrophication OR use oil-based products
Production
of biofuels may not be carbon neutral
-
idea that biofuel production may (overall) results in more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere ; OR idea that carbon neutral means that the carbon dioxide produced equals the carbon dioxide used ;
-
idea of forests as carbon {sinks / eq} ;
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idea that {clearing land / deforestation} results in (net) increase in carbon dioxide (in atmosphere) ;
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(less plants means) less carbon dioxide {removed / used / eq} by photosynthesis ;
-
{burning / eq} trees produces carbon dioxide ;
-
idea that (increased) decomposition produces carbon dioxide;
-
idea of using {(fossil) fuels / petrol / diesel} by {lorries / machinery / eq}produces carbon dioxide ;
-
{burning /eq} of biofuels produces carbon dioxide ;
Combustion
of biofuels may lead to global warming
-
reference to production of {greenhouse gases / named greenhouse gas} ;
-
idea that these gases {build up/ remain / form a layer} in (upper) atmosphere;
-
which {absorb / trap / eq} {heat energy / infra-red / IR / eq} ;
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reflected from earth’s surface ;
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idea that increased levels of these gases increase the greenhouse effect ;
-
idea that (mean) temperature of earth’s {surface / atmosphere} is increasing ;
Forest
fires may lead to global warming
-
reference to {fires / burning / eq} produces carbon dioxide ;
-
which is a greenhouse gas ;
-
idea that these gases {build up / remain / form a layer / increase} in (upper) atmosphere;
-
which {absorb / trap / eq} {heat energy / infra red / IR / eq} ;
-
reflected from earth’s surface ;
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idea that increased levels of these gases increase the greenhouse effect ;
-
idea that (mean) temperature of earth’s {surface / atmosphere} is increasing ;
-
idea that less carbon dioxide {removed / used / eq} by photosynthesis ;
Greenhouse
effect by methane and carbon dioxide
-
(carbon dioxide and / or methane) are greenhouse gases / eq ;
-
which {absorb / trap / eq} {heat / infra red / IR / long wave} (radiation) / eq ;
-
{reflected / (re)radiated} from the Earth’s surface / eq ;
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prevent {heat / infra red / IR / long wave / eq} (radiation) escaping ;
-
idea of temperatures maintained higher (than they would be) ;
Reduction
in use of fossil fuels may not prevent further global warming
-
carbon dioxide produced {by using / in production of / eq} fossil fuels / eq ;
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no (direct) evidence that increased carbon dioxide leads to global warming / eq ;
-
reference to carbon dioxide released from {other processes / named process} ;
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idea of removal of {carbon sinks / named example / eq} (also) leads to increase in carbon dioxide ;
-
stated example of any other greenhouse gas released from another source e.g. CFC, water vapour, methane ;
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description of source e.g. ruminant animals, paddy fields, melting ice, clearance of peat land ;
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idea of natural {cycles / events / phenomena / eq} may be involved (in global warming) e.g. solar, volcanoes ;
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idea of evidence from past is being used ;
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idea of {(past evidence) is not in indicator of future events / limitations of (climatic) models} ;
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idea that scientists may be biased ;
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description of bias e.g. employed by {company / country} with vested interest, self promotion ;
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specific example of problem with / disadvantage of} alternative source of energy ;
Why
body temperature effects rate of development of animals
-
reference to increase in {metabolic rate / enzyme activity / eq} as temperature rises ;
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reference to increase in {kinetic / eq} energy of molecules (as temperature rises) / eq ;
-
reference to increase in {enzyme- substrate complexes / energy of collisions / eq} (as temperature rises) ;
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idea of {inactivation at lower temperatures/ denaturation at higher temperatures} of enzymes ;
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idea that temperature affects {differentiation / growth /division / eq} ;
Affect
of global warming on distribution
-
idea that global warming will increase the temperature (at the latitudes) ;
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idea that temperatures (at these latitudes) may become too high for any of the species ;
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idea that new temperature may be above the maximum to complete development or above the upper lethal limit ;
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idea that species move { to cooler regions / eq} ;
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ref to change in {food source / predators / competition / eq}
